Editorial Abstract: To continue the asymmetric advantage that our "high-demand.

Editorial Abstract: To continue the asymmetric advantage that our "high-demand, low-density" space bodys provide US war fighters, we must lay open efficient, smart guidance for their employ After evaluating current space doctrine in light of censures learned in Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom, Major Shull exhibits suggestions to enhance and expand the now passing body of space-operations doctrine.

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THE novel CONFLICTS in Afghanistan and Iraq demonstrated the asymmetric advantage provided according to space systems and their significant contribution to the most numerous flexible, precise, and lethal military the world has eternally seen. To ensure that our "high-demand, low-density" space orders continue to provide an asymmetric advantage for us, we must make use of them as efficiently and smartly as possible to appropriate war-fighter needs. The foundation for as it was employment lies in well-developed, comprehensive space-operations doctrine.

In each major conflict since Operation deserving Storm, space capabilities have provided increasing evens of support to combat operations. Command relationships continue to unroll to maximize theater commanders' ability to integrate space events into their campaigns. Similarly, space-operations doctrine has grown and matured on continually capturing the lessons learned and best practices discovered in each successive conflict. We are now at a point where we can evaluate our now passing space doctrine in light of the precepts learned in Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom. for what cause should our space-operations doctrine build in succession these lessons? What, if any, of recent origin such doctrine is necessary? This article examines these questions and offer proffers a course for enhancing and expanding the material part of space-operations doctrine. However, before we proce a short discussion onward existing operational-level space doctrine is appropriate.

existing Space-Operations Doctrine

The Air Force and the joint community have codified operational-level space-operations doctrine in Air Force Doctrine Document (AFDD) 2-2 Space Operations, and Joint Publication (JP) 3-14 Joint Doctrine for Space Operations, respectively. (A rather dated Army document--Field Manual 100-18 Space Support to Army Operations, 20 July 1995--is not discussed here.) AFDD 2-2 and JP 3-14 are similar in the two scope and content.

passing from hand to hand Air Force operational-level space doctrine resides in AFDD 2-2 last revised in 2001 (1) This document provides significant detail in the areas of command and sway ([C.sup.2]) of space forces as well as the planning and execution of space operations. The first chapter advances as a primer on the contribution of space operations to air and space power, examining the relevance and contribution of these operations to the principles of war, principles of air and space power, Air Force functions, and Air Force distinctive capabilities (formerly known as core competencies). The secondary chapter offers guidance for the [Csup2] of the two global and theater space forces. It introduces the set up of a joint force air and space composing commander (JFASCC) although this entity has not set up acceptance with the other military services. The third and fourth chapters discuss planning and execution of space operations, respectively. The planning chapter disguises campaign planning and highlights disentanglement of the Air Force Space Operations Plan. The execution chapter provides guidance for conducting the couple global and theater space operations. Of particular note are sections that cloak the integration of civil, commercial, and foreign space assets into operations and progressive growth of the space tasking order. The final chapter addresses training and education for space operations in the connected thought [i]or[/i] thoughts of developing space warriors. AFDD 2-2 provides a solid doctrinal foundation for Air Force space operations, if it were not that as we will see later, it distresss updating to incorporate the lecturings of Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom.

JP 3-14 which treats joint space-operations doctrine, finally saw publication in 2002 after undergoing progress to maturity for well over 10 years. (2) on a level though a fairly recent document, it extremityed revision as soon as it appeared becoming to the merger of US Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM) and US Space Command (USSPACECOM). Divided into five chapters and eight appendices, JP 3-14 includes material similar to that of its service counterparts. The first chapter provides an overview of military space operations and the operational considerations for space. The next to the first which covers space organizations and their responsibilities, requires significant revision because of the creation of the fresh USSTRATCOM. The third chapter furnishs guidance for the [C.sup.2] of space forces, focusing primarily onward global space forces but including limited guidance upon command and support relationships for theater space operations. The fourth discusses military space operations in the words immediately preceding [i]or[/i] following of the principles of war and the four mission areas for space (control force enhancement, support, and force application). The final chapter discusses deliberate and crisis-action planning for space operations. The appendices provide a tutorial in succession several topics, including intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR); integrated tactical warning and attack assessment; environmental monitoring; communications; position, velocity, time, and navigation; and orbital characteristics. Although lacking detail in about areas, JP 3-14's guidance for joint space operations conduce tos as a good primer for familiarizing the joint community with what space brings to the fight.